Search for:. The Human Body Cavities Information The major cavities of the human body are the spaces left over when internal organs are removed.
Dorsal body cavity—the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity in combination. Cranial cavity—the space occupied by the brain, enclosed by the skull bones. Spinal cavity—the space occupied by the spinal cord enclosed by the vertebrae column making up the backbone. The spinal cavity is continuous with the cranial cavity. It houses the primary organs of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, such as the heart and lungs, but also includes organs from other systems, such as the esophagus and the thymus gland.
The thoracic cavity is lined by two types of mesothelium, a type of membrane tissue that lines the ventral cavity: the pleura lining of the lungs, and the pericadium lining of the heart. The abdominoplevic cavity is the posterior ventral body cavity found beneath the thoracic cavity and diaphragm. It is generally divided into the abdominal and pelvic cavities. The abdominal cavity is not contained within bone and houses many organs of the digestive and renal systems, as well as some organs of the endocrine system, such as the adrenal glands.
The pelvic cavity is contained within the pelvis and houses the bladder and reproductive system. The abdominopelvic cavity is lined by a type of mesothelium called the peritoneum. Learning Objectives Describe the major cavities of the human body.
Key Points The dorsal cavity contains the primary organs of the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord. The diaphragm is a sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. Special membrane tissues surround the body cavities, such as the meninges of the dorsal cavity and the mesothelium of the ventral cavity. The mesothelium consists of the pleura of the lungs, the pericardium of the heart, and the peritoneum of the abdominopelvic cavity.
The spinal cord terminates between L or sometimes as low as L The obturator innervates the gracilis, adductor magnus, brevis and longus muscles. It distributes to the skin of the medial surface of the thigh. They have a specific function in providing sensation in the pelvic floor and hip girdle. The S 1, S 2 , S 3 nerves all play a role in suppling the multifidus muscle in the back and lateral cutaneous branches to the skin and fascia over the sacrum and part of the gluteal region.
The lower back, in general, tends to be more susceptible to nerve impingement and back pain; this is because there is more weight and strain the lower back endures. Cauda equina syndrome is a neurological dysfunction that can come about when S 1,2,3 are compressed causing lack of sensation in the saddle as well as compromise to the bladder and bowels. As previously mentioned, there are a variety of spinal issues that can occur with the daily stresses of life; such as kyphosis and lordosis, compressed intervertebral discs, and impinged nerves.
Scoliosis is a very common distortion in the spine where there is an exaggerated lateral curve in more than one of the movable vertebrae. Most times, it is due to an abrupt growth spurt in an adolescent. Other times it can arise from developmental issues, in which the vertebral bodies are damaged. Spina bifida is a condition where there is a failure of the vertebral laminae to bond during development. This issue is correlated to developmental abnormalities of the spinal cord and brain; therefore, it is critical to get checked for spinal issues at a young age.
Reflexes show that there is adequate communication between the body and the spinal nerves. In short, health care practitioners will check different spinal reflexes in the body to determine whether there is an issue in the nervous system or spine. The CNS is quite a complicated system, so intricate that it is sometimes difficult to understand how it works in harmony with all the activities going on.
Chiropractic is a profession focussing on the health of the human spine and nerve system. It is a modality of healthcare that does not use drugs or surgery for the treatment of back pain. Having regular appointments with your chiropractor can improve nervous system function and can reduce musculoskeletal disorders.
A chiropractor works by making gentle, often manual, adjustments to the spine to correct one or more movable vertebrae that is out of place interfering with the nervous system.
A vertebral subluxation is a slight dislocation or dysfunction in the spine and nerve system. Physiotherapists are also admirable professionals that can assist in supporting spinal health, in which they will often prescribe exercises or stretches to the individual suffering from back pain. Therefore, there are a variety of professions that will specialize in supporting the health of the CNS. In conclusion, the importance of maintaining nervous system health is quite immense in that exercise, yoga, diet and regular appointments with a chiropractor, an osteopath or physiotherapist can truly help or extend the amazing function of this body system.
It is a growing research, where there continues to be evidence that the central nervous system is the cornerstone of all body function and development. Chiropractic Association of Australia.
Martini, F. Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology 10 th ed. Toronto: Pearson. Physiopedia website. Wikimedia commons website. Advanced Anatomy 2nd. Skip to content Thorax. Spinal Curves. Full spine with intrinsic muscle attachments and nerves. Wikimedia commons, Cervical nerves close up; lateral view. Full spinal cord and its roots posterior view. Full spine with spinal nerves and connective tissue lateral view. Full spine and spinal nerves posterior view.
Cervical Enlargement posterior view. Lumbar enlargement of spinal cord posterior view. Cauda Equina posterior view. Previous: Joints, Ligaments and Connective Tissues.
Next: Nerves, Blood Vessels and Lymph. License Advanced Anatomy 2nd. Share This Book Share on Twitter. Innervates the skin of the neck and scalp superior and posterior to the ear. The transverse innervates the anterior triangle of the neck. The supraclavicular innervated the skin of the neck and shoulder. Innervates the external and internal oblique as well as the transverse abdominis muscles. Also innervates the skin over the inferior abdomen and buttocks. Innervates the abdominal muscles in accordance with the iliohypogastric nerve.
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