A fetal arrhythmia is an irregular heart rate — too fast, too slow, or otherwise outside the norm. It's often benign. Postpartum diarrhea after a C-section is normal. Sharing our experiences of pregnancy and infant loss can help us heal. Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. What Is a Two-Vessel Cord? What Causes a Two-Vessel Cord? The Takeaway. Share on Pinterest.
Parenthood Pregnancy Pregnancy Health. Understanding and Recovering from Stillbirth. Identifying and Treating an Infected Umbilical Cord. Read this next. Medically reviewed by Debra Rose Wilson, Ph. Instead of those three vessels, your baby's cord has only two: one vein and one artery.
Two-vessel cord — also known as single umbilical artery SUA — occurs in 1 percent of singleton pregnancies and 5 percent of twin and multiple pregnancies. Researchers don't quite know what causes SUA, though they theorize that the second artery disappears at some point during early pregnancy. Although one artery can certainly perform the job of two and sustain a perfectly healthy pregnancy, your practitioner will likely keep a particularly close eye on your baby's development.
He or she may want to run further tests, including more scans more pictures — yay! The chances are quite good, however, that your baby will be just fine. So all you need to do from here on out, Mom, is continue taking good care of yourself and enjoy your pregnancy keeping it as worry-free as possible.
The provider also may recommend that the baby have an ultrasound after birth. Umbilical cord prolapse occurs when the cord slips into the vagina after the membranes bag of waters have ruptured, before the baby descends into the birth canal. This complication affects about 1 in births 1. The baby can put pressure on the cord as he passes through the cervix and vagina during labor and delivery.
Pressure on the cord reduces or cuts off blood flow from the placenta to the baby, decreasing the baby's oxygen supply. Umbilical cord prolapse can result in stillbirth unless the baby is delivered promptly, usually by cesarean section.
If the woman's membranes rupture and she feels something in her vagina, she should go to the hospital immediately or, in the United States, call A health care provider may suspect umbilical cord prolapse if the bay develops heart rate abnormalities after the membranes have ruptured. The provider can confirm a cord prolapse by doing a pelvic examination.
Cord prolapse is an emergency. Pressure on the cord must be relieved immediately by lifting the presenting fetal part away from the cord while preparing the woman for prompt cesarean delivery. Vasa previa occurs when one or more blood vessels from the umbilical cord or placenta cross the cervix underneath the baby. The blood vessels, unprotected by the Wharton's jelly in the umbilical cord or the tissue in the placenta, sometimes tear when the cervix dilates or the membranes rupture.
This can result in life-threatening bleeding in the baby. Even if the blood vessels do not tear, the baby may suffer from lack of oxygen due to pressure on the blood vessels. Vasa previa occurs in 1 in 2, births 4. When vasa previa is diagnosed unexpectedly at delivery, more than half of affected babies are stillborn 4. However, when vasa previa is diagnosed by ultrasound earlier in pregnancy, fetal deaths generally can be prevented by delivering the baby by cesarean section at about 35 weeks of gestation 4.
Pregnant women with vasa previa sometimes have painless vaginal bleeding in the second or third trimester. A pregnant woman who experiences vaginal bleeding should always report it to her health care provider so that the cause can be determined and any necessary steps taken to protect the baby.
About 25 percent of babies are born with a nuchal cord the umbilical cord wrapped around the baby's neck 1. A nuchal cord, also called nuchal loops, rarely causes any problems. Babies with a nuchal cord are generally healthy. Sometimes fetal monitoring shows heart rate abnormalities during labor and delivery in babies with a nuchal cord. This may reflect pressure on the cord.
However, the pressure is rarely serious enough to cause death or any lasting problems, although occasionally a cesarean delivery may be needed. Less frequently, the umbilical cord becomes wrapped around other parts of the baby's body, such as a foot or hand.
Generally, this doesn't harm the baby. About 1 percent of babies are born with one or more knots in the umbilical cord 1. Some knots form during delivery when a baby with a nuchal cord is pulled through the loop. Others form during pregnancy when the baby moves around. Knots occur most often when the umbilical cord is too long and in identical-twin pregnancies.
Identical twins share a single amniotic sac, and the babies' cords can become entangled. As long as the knot remains loose, it generally does not harm the baby. However, sometimes the knot or knots can be pulled tight, cutting off the baby's oxygen supply. Vasa previa is rare; it happens in just 1 in 2, to 3, births much less than 1 percent of births.
Babies with a nuchal cord usually are born healthy, but it sometimes can affect their heart rate. Knots in umbilical cords can form early in pregnancy when your baby moves around in the womb. Knots happen most often when the umbilical cord is too long and in pregnancies with identical twins. Identical twins share one amniotic sac, which makes it easy for the babies' umbilical cords to get tangled. The amniotic sac also called bag of waters is inside the uterus womb and is filled with amniotic fluid.
About 1 in pregnancies about 1 percent have a knot in the umbilical cord. This can cause miscarriage or stillbirth. Miscarriage is when a baby dies in the womb before 20 weeks of pregnancy. Your provider looks for umbilical cord knots on your ultrasound. If you have a knot, you may need to have a c-section to help keep your baby safe. Umbilical cord cysts are sacs of fluid in the umbilical cord. Your provider may find an umbilical cord cyst during an ultrasound. If your provider finds a cord cyst during an ultrasound, she may recommend additional tests, like amniocentesis, a detailed ultrasound and genetic tests to check for birth defects.
If your cysts are large, you may need to have a c-section to keep the cysts from breaking, which can cause problems for your baby during labor and birth. Get expert tips and resources from March of Dimes and CDC to increase your chance of having a healthy, fully-term pregnancy and baby. Sign up for our emails to receive great health information and join us in the fight for the health of moms and babies. March of Dimes leads the fight for the health of all moms and babies.
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